Lift coefficient prediction at high angle of attack using recurrent neural network

In this paper, identification of dynamic stall effect of rotor blade is considered. Recurrent Neural Networks have the ability to identify the nonlinear dynamical systems from training data. This paper describes the use of recurrent neural networks for predicting the coefficient of lift (C_Z) at high angle of attack. In our approach, the coefficient of lift (C_Z) obtained from the experimental results (wind tunnel data) at different mean angle of attack θ_mean is used to train the recurrent neural network. Then the recurrent neural network prediction is compared with experimental ONERA OA212 airfoil data. The time and space complexity required to predict C_Z in the proposed method is less and it is easy to incorporate in any commercially available rotor code.     

Mechanism analysis of hysteretic aerodynamic characteristics on variable-sweep wings

Variable-sweep wings have large shape-changing capabilities and wide flight envelops, which are considered as one of the most promising directions for intelligent morphing UAVs. Aerodynamic investigations always focus on several static states in the varying sweep process, which ignore the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics. However, deviations to static aerodynamic forces are inevitably caused by dynamic sweep motion. In this work, first, unsteady aerodynamic characteristics on a typical variable-sweep UAV with large aspect ratio were analyzed. Then, deep mechanism of unsteady aerodynamic characteristics in the varying sweep process was studied. Finally, numerical simulation method integrated with structured moving overset grids was applied to solve the unsteady fluid of varying sweep process. The simulation results of a sweep forward-backward circle show a distinct dynamic hysteresis loop surrounding the static data for the aerodynamic forces. Compared with the static lift coefficients , at the same sweep angles, dynamic  lift coefficient in sweep forward process are all smaller, while dynamic sweep backward  lift coefficient are all larger. In addition, dynamic deviations to static  lift coefficient are positively related with the varying sweep speeds. Mechanism study on the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics indicates that three key factors lead to the dynamic hysteresis loop in varying sweep process. They are the effects of additional velocity caused by varying sweep motion, the effects of flow hysteresis and viscosity. The additional velocity induced by sweep motion affects the transversal flow direction along the wing and the effective angle of attack at the airfoil profile. The physical properties of flow, the hysteresis and viscosity affect the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics by flow separation and induced vortexes.     

Revisiting the space-time gradient method: A time-clocking perspective,high order difference time discretization and comparison with the harmonic balance method

This paper revisits the Space-Time Gradient (STG) method which was developed for efficient analysis of unsteady flows due to rotor–stator interaction and presents the method from an alternative time-clocking perspective. The STG method requires reordering of blade passages according to their relative clocking positions with respect to blades of an adjacent blade row. As the space-clocking is linked to an equivalent time-clocking, the passage reordering can be performed according to the alternative time-clocking. With the time-clocking perspective, unsteady flow solutions from different passages of the same blade row are mapped to flow solutions of the same passage at different time instants or phase angles. Accordingly, the time derivative of the unsteady flow equation is discretized in time directly, which is more natural than transforming the time derivative to a spatial one as with the original STG method. To improve the solution accuracy, a ninth order difference scheme has been investigated for discretizing the time derivative. To achieve a stable solution for the high order scheme, the implicit solution method of Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel/Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS/GS) has been employed. The NASA Stage 35 and its blade-count-reduced variant are used to demonstrate the validity of the time-clocking based passage reordering and the advantages of the high order difference scheme for the STG method. Results from an existing harmonic balance flow solver are also provided to contrast the two methods in terms of solution stability and computational cost.     

亚格子模型对泵喷推进器宽带非定常力预测的影响研究

为了研究亚格子模型对泵喷推进器非定常流动与宽带非定常力预报结果的影响,采用分块结构化网格建立了模型尺度下艇后泵喷推进器的计算模型,并进行了大涡模拟数值计算。从艇尾非定常流场特征量和推进器转子脉动载荷两个方面对比了三种不同亚格子模型计算结果的差异,并分析了泵喷内部流动与转子非定常力间的内在联系。研究结果表明：三种亚格子模型均能得到含有叶频宽带峰的轴向推力谱,且整体趋势相近。泵喷转子上游的湍流强度和尺度的分布对亚格子模型较敏感,其中Smargrinsky-Lilly模型得到的湍流强度较强,尺度较大,该模型下的湍流谱在非平衡区量级较大,但由低频向高频的衰减较快,并且预测到的分离区范围大,导叶尾缘脱落涡分散,导致转子上游来流空间分布不均程度较强。对于转子叶片上的载荷脉动,Smargrinsky-Lilly模型预测的推力谱中线谱成分明显,并且叶频处宽带谱峰“陡峭”,而WALE模型和KET模型的结果宽带特性较强,对比非定常推力测试结果可知,WALE模型和KET模型更适于该问题宽带非定常力预测。     

带反馈控制的基本带翼外形的耦合气动/运动数值模拟研究

介绍了一种先进的、时间精度的多学科数值模拟平台的开发和应用,该平台可用于预测飞行器机动过程中的非定常气动特性和飞行力学特性.通过耦合求解非定常Navier-Stokes方程、刚体动力学方程及控制律,对基本带翼外形进行了虚拟飞行数值模拟研究.求解器采用基于结构网格的有限体积法,时间方法采用双时间步方法.使用反馈控制器获得舵偏控制指令,重叠网格方法用来模拟物体间的相对运动.模拟结果显示控制器的增益必须正确选择才能获得正确的响应.仿真结果表明本文发展的虚拟飞行数值模拟方法能够预测包含动边界的复杂非定常流动,具有较强的工程适用性.     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

层板孔隙结构中两个任意尺寸半球形珠状发汗的蒸发与燃烧速率分析

针对微重力条件下层板孔隙结构中两个相邻任意尺寸半球形珠状发汗的蒸发与燃烧过程,建立了相应的数学物理模型;在双球坐标系中求解分子扩散传质偏微分方程,得到发汗液珠的分子扩散组分分布的解析解和扩散速率表达式;分析得到在常温、高温条件下蒸发以及燃烧状态下发汗液珠的相互作用因子式,计算了相互作用的发汗液珠在不同条件下的发汗蒸发量以及变化趋势.     

直升机旋翼非定常气动力及结构动力响应计算

以二维非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程为模型方程,采用Ｊａｍｅｓｏｎ有限体积并引入变系数隐式残值光顺及固接网格计算了直升机旋翼不同展向位置处翼剖面的非定常气动力,进而采用插值的方法模拟直升机在悬停及前飞状态下,旋翼的桨叶所受的非常气动力载荷,并将之与桨叶的结构振动方程相耦合,求解其时域内的结构响应,非定常下气动力计算结果与实验结果做了对比,两者比较吻合,旋翼结构响应计算结果合理。     

加热板上蒸发液滴动态特性的实验

采用高速摄像技术可视化观察5 μl小液滴在铜、铝和不锈钢表面上的蒸发与核化过程,板温50～112℃.实验测量了液滴高度、湿润半径和接触角随时间的动态演化.板温低于100℃时蒸发处于自由界面蒸发模态,过程可分为两阶段,第一阶段液滴高度和接触角连续降低,湿润半径仅比初始值略有降低;第二阶段后退角恒定,湿润半径迅速降低至零.板温高于100℃时处于核态沸腾模态,液滴内部核化及气泡动力学过程强烈依赖壁面过热度.自由界面蒸发模态和核态沸腾模态,壁面平均热流与壁温均呈线性关系,斜率的不同反映两种模态换热机制的差别.     

非定常尾迹对叶栅气膜冷却效率的影响

通过实验的方法研究了非定常尾迹对气膜冷却效率的影响,在平面叶栅实验台上安装了尾迹发生器,用来产生非定常尾迹。用热电偶测量了雷诺数5 04×104,1 08×105,斯托劳哈儿数0 04～0 18时气膜的绝热冷却效率,通过实验数据分析了非定常尾迹的宽度和扫过频率对气膜绝热冷却效率的影响。发现非定常尾迹通过两方面来影响气膜冷却效率,一方面是通过对气膜层的扰动来降低气膜冷却效率,另一方面是通过改变局部吹风比来影响气膜冷却效率。